FTTH Fiber to the Home
FTTx is a access network technology that uses optical fiber directly from the central point to the Home. FTTx offers triple play services voice, video and data.
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Modulation and Demodulation
Modulation and demodulation are fundamental processes in telecommunications that involve the encoding and decoding of information onto a carrier signal. -
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SONET Synchronous Optical Network Multiplex electrical signals (Digital) from different sources and creates optical carrier (OC). USA, CANADA and JAPAN developed T1 Standard. ANSI develop SONET. The rest of the world uses a primary rate of E1. ITU-T develop SDH. Topics What is SONET? What is Synchronous Digital Hierarchy? What is SDH? What… -
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Prerequisite Multiplexing Optical Fiber PCM PDH SDH Transmission Fundamental WDM Wavelength division Multiplexing (WDM) technique increase the capacity of signal carrying medium. WDM technique assign different frequency / wavelength value to every incoming signal. These signals are multiplexed on a single sharing medium. SONET/SDH use TDM technique and transmit data in the form of a… -
Solar Panel Installation
Solar Panel Installation Basic Components of Solar System Solar Panel Solar Charge controller Inverter Battery Bank Load Calculation 03 energy saver (24 watt) 24*3 = 72 watt + 08 = 80 watt 02 Fan (100 watt) 100*2 = 200 + 20 = 220 watt Load = 220+80 = 300 watt If u want to use… -
Computer Ports
Computer Ports Computer ports or Motherboard I/O interfaces are used to connect external devices to the computer. These interfaces are mostly located on the back side of the motherboard. Number of Interfaces depends on the size of Motherboard and technology used. PS2 Din Connector PS2 6 pin din connector Green for mouse Purple for keyboard… -
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDH It is a transmission method. This method is used in optical fibre transmission system called SDH system. We have already discussed the basic concepts of the transmission system. This video will give you the basic concept of SDH. SDH = Synchronous Digital Hierarchy.EU and Japan standard.A standard for telecommunication transport defined by ITU-T. Prerequisite. Following… -
Optical Fiber
OPTICAL FIBER Optical fiber is a type of guided medium to transport information from one point to another point.Information travels in the form of light.Data capacity of fiber is very high due to light nature of the signal.It has some important properties High Bandwidth Highly secure Easy to install Low distortion No EMI effect In…
Latest Posts
Total Internal Reflection
Total Internal Reflection It is the complete reflection of light ray inside an optically denser medium. Critical Angle The angle of incidence in an optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction is 90 degree.
Refraction of Light
Refraction of Light Bending of light when it enters from one optical medium to another is called refraction of light. Light travels with different speeds in different transparent medium.Its speed in air is 3×108 m/s and 2×108 m/s in glass.…
Reflection of Light
Reflection of Light After striking with a surface, Return of light, Sound, Wave or any body is called reflection. Light rays travel in straight line.In physics, we use straight lines with arrows to represent paths of light.The arrows represent the…
OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTDR | Optical Time Domain Reflectometer OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer is used to check the performance of fiber optic link and detect problems. It is used to create a virtual picture of a fiber optic cable route. It is…
How Electric Fuse / Circuit Breaker work.
Satellite Communication
Satellite Satellite is an object that orbits or rotate around another object in a particular path Orbit. Our solar system is a good example. How satellite stable in orbit? A satellite remains in orbit because the centrifugal force caused by…
Artificial Intelligence
Intelligence Intelligence is the ability to think, learn and Understand. It has four steps, Observation Think (Compare) Understand. Response Artificial Intelligence If intelligence is produced artificially in machines called Artificial Intelligence.
Infrared IR
Discovery of Infrared In 1800, William Herschel conducted an experiment measuring the difference in temperature between the colors in the visible spectrum. Infrared is a section of invisible light on the electromagnetic spectrum. It’s a form of radiant heat that can…
Twisted Pair Cable
Twisted Pair Cable Guided metallic transmission media. Twisted pair cable is a form of wiring in which two conductors are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources and crosstalk from neighboring conductors. Unshielded…
ISM Frequency Band
ISM Frequency Band The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) had originally reserved a portion of the RF spectrum globally for industrial, scientific and medical applications. Such as process heating, microwave oven, and medical diathermy equipment etc. The main feature of the…