Telecom Network | Academy of Karachi | Science & Technology

Reflection of Light

Posted on December 11, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 0 Comments

Reflection of Light After striking with a surface, Return of light, Sound, Wave or any body is called reflection. Light rays travel in straight line.In physics, we use straight lines with arrows to represent paths of light.The arrows represent the…

OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

Posted on December 7, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 0 Comments

OTDR | Optical Time Domain Reflectometer OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer is used to check the performance of fiber optic link and detect problems. It is used to create a virtual picture of a fiber optic cable route. It is…

Satellite Communication

Posted on September 15, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 2 Comments

Satellite Satellite is an object that orbits or rotate around another object in a particular path Orbit. Our solar system is a good example. How satellite stable in orbit? A satellite remains in orbit because the centrifugal force caused by…

Infrared IR

Posted on July 28, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 0 Comments

Discovery of Infrared In 1800, William Herschel conducted an experiment measuring the difference in temperature between the colors in the visible spectrum. Infrared is a section of invisible light on the electromagnetic spectrum. It’s a form of radiant heat that can…

ISM Frequency Band

Posted on June 20, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 0 Comments

ISM Frequency Band The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) had originally reserved a portion of the RF spectrum globally for industrial, scientific and medical applications. Such as process heating, microwave oven, and medical diathermy equipment etc. The main feature of the…

FTTH Fiber to the Home

Posted on June 15, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 1 Comment

FTTx is a access network technology that uses optical fiber directly from the central point to the Home. FTTx offers triple play services voice, video and data.

Transmission medium

Posted on June 10, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 0 Comments

Transmission Media It is a path through which information signal travels from source to destination. It is also known as Transmission Line or Transmission channel. It is further divided into two categories Guided Media. Unguided Media. Guided / Bounded /Wired…

Noise

Posted on May 25, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 0 Comments

Noise Noise or Electrical Noise is any unwanted electrical signal interferes or distorts the information signal. It affects the signal inside or outside the equipment and generates error. It affects both analog and digital signal and quality of information signal…

Modulation and Demodulation

Posted on May 22, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 0 Comments

Modulation and demodulation are fundamental processes in telecommunications that involve the encoding and decoding of information onto a carrier signal.

Need of Modulation

Posted on May 22, 2019 by Salman Ahmed | 0 Comments

Need of modulation is essential in communication systems for several reasons: Long Distance Communication, Efficient Use of Frequency, Antenna Size and etc.